Patient Education

Understanding Kidney Disease

Your kidneys play a vital role in keeping you healthy. This guide helps you understand how kidney disease works, what the stages mean, and what you can do to take control of your health.

Did You Know?

Your kidneys filter about 200 liters (53 gallons) of blood every day.

What Do Your Kidneys Do?

Most people have two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located near the middle of your back. They may be small, but they perform several life-sustaining jobs:

🔎

Filter Waste

Remove waste products and excess fluid from your blood, producing urine.

⚖ïļ

Balance Electrolytes

Regulate sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels in your blood.

âĪïļ

Control Blood Pressure

Manage fluid levels and produce renin, a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure.

🧎

Produce Hormones

Make erythropoietin (for red blood cells) and activate vitamin D (for bone health).

The 5 Stages of CKD

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is classified into 5 stages based on your GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) — a measure of how well your kidneys are filtering. Click each stage to learn more.

Kidney health indicator for Stage 1

Stage 1: Normal Function

GFR 90+

Your kidneys are working normally or near-normally, but there are signs of kidney damage (like protein in urine). You likely feel fine.

What You Can Do:

  • Get regular check-ups with your doctor
  • Monitor blood pressure — aim for under 130/80
  • Eat a balanced diet, reduce excess sodium
  • Stay active — 30 minutes most days
  • If you have diabetes, manage your blood sugar

GFR SCALE (mL/min)

90+
60–89
30–59
15–29
< 15
HealthyKidney Failure

Signs & Symptoms to Watch For

Early kidney disease often has no symptoms. As it progresses, you may experience some of the following. Tap each symptom to learn more.

Estimate Your GFR

If you know your serum creatinine level from a recent blood test, you can get a rough estimate of your kidney function. This uses the CKD-EPI 2021 equation.

eGFR Estimator

This is a simplified estimate using the CKD-EPI 2021 formula. Always confirm results with your doctor.

Myths vs. Facts

There is a lot of misinformation about kidney disease. Tap each myth to reveal the truth.

Test Your Knowledge

See how much you've learned about kidney disease with this quick quiz.

Question 1 of 4Score: 0

What does GFR stand for?

Take Control of Your Kidney Health

Lutango helps you track meals, fluids, blood pressure, and medications — all tailored for kidney patients.

Get Started — It's Free